Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in neoplasms of solitary nodule in thyroid gland: a retrospective study

Authors

  • Manoj V. V. Department of General Surgery, Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
  • Shafeer M. Shafi Department of General Surgery, Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20212820

Keywords:

Diagnostic accuracy, Solitary thyroid nodules, Follicular neoplasm, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Malignant nodules, Benign nodules, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Thyroidectomy, Histopathology

Abstract

Background: Common endocrine disorders like thyroid nodule may represent thyroid neoplasm either benign or malignant and are important to be diagnosed as they may progress and lead to thyroid dysfunction. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as an economic, rapid, effective, simple and accurate strategy for diagnosing neoplastic thyroid nodules. The basic aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in neoplasms of solitary thyroid nodules.

Methods: Current investigation was a retrospective diagnostic test evaluation study conducted on 60 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for solitary nodule for a duration of one year. Routine blood investigation, thyroid function test, FNAC, chest X-ray, indirect laryngoscopy and ultrasound scanning of neck were done for all the patients. Collected data was coded and entered in excel sheets and was statistically analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Mean age of the participating patients was 45.51±7.2 years and age range was 24 to 68 years. Female patients were observed to be more than male patients. In majority of the patients duration of nodule was less than or equal to one to three years. Maximum number of patients underwent either total or hemi thyroidectomy. FNAC diagnostic findings revealed patients with NCG, FN, LT, PC and MC. The results of FNAC findings resembled and were supported by HPR findings.

Conclusions: Current investigation findings revealed that fine needle aspiration cytology can be considered as potential, accurate, rapid and efficient diagnostic technique for rapid primary investigation of neoplasms of solitary nodules in thyroid gland.

References

Popoveniuc G, Jonklaas J. Thyroid nodules. Med Clin North Am. 2012;96(2):329-49.

Tamhane S, Gharib H. Thyroid nodule update on diagnosis and management. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;2:17.

Wong R, Farrell SG, Grossmann M. Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management. Med J Aust. 2018;209(2):92-8.

Bomeli SR, LeBeau SO, Ferris RL. Evaluation of a thyroid nodule. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2010;43(2):229-38.

Meier CA. Thyroid nodules: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;14(4):559-75.

Durante C, Grani G, Lamartina L, Filetti S, Mandel SJ, Cooper DS. The diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: a review. JAMA. 2018;319(9):914-24.

Detweiler K, Elfenbein DM, Mayers D. Evaluation of thyroid nodules. Surg Clin North Am. 2019;99(4):571-86.

Grani G, Sponziello M, Pecce V, Ramundo V, Durante C. Contemporary Thyroid Nodule Evaluation and Management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(9):2869-83.

Stancioiu F, Mihai D, Papadakis GZ, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Badiu C. Treatment for benign thyroid nodules with a combination of natural extracts. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(3):2332-8.

Floridi C, Cellina M, Buccimazza G, Arrichiello A, Sacrini A, Arrigoni F, et al. Ultrasound imaging classifications of thyroid nodules for malignancy risk stratification and clinical management: state of the art. Gland Surg. 2019;8(3):233-44.

Liang XW, Cai YY, Yu JS, Liao JY, Chen ZY. Update on thyroid ultrasound: a narrative review from diagnostic criteria to artificial intelligence techniques. Chin Med J. 2019;132(16):1974-82.

Hajmanoochehri F, Rabiee E. FNAC accuracy in diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms considering all diagnostic categories of the Bethesda reporting system: a single-institute experience. J Cytol. 2015;32(4):238-43.

Sengupta A, Pal R, Kar S, Zaman FA, Sengupta S, Pal S. Fine needle aspiration cytology as the primary diagnostic tool in thyroid enlargement. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2011;2(1):113-8.

Mistry SG, Mani N, Murthy P. Investigating the value of fine needle aspiration cytology in thyroid cancer. J Cytol. 2011;28(4):185-90.

Morgan JL, Serpell JW, Cheng MS. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: how useful is it? ANZ J Surg. 2003;73(7):480-3.

Wahid F, Fawad Khan S, Rehman HU, Khan IA. Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;23(65):111-8.

Monib S, Farkas N, Abdelaziz MI. A prospective observational study assessing the relationship between solitary thyroid nodule size and incidence of malignancy. Cureus. 2020;12(11):11422.

Jena A, Patnayak R, Prakash J, Sachan A, Suresh V, Lakshmi AY. Malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule: a clinicoradiopathological evaluation. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(4):498-503.

Tai JD, Yang JL, Wu SC, Wang BW, Chang CJ. Risk factors for malignancy in patients with solitary thyroid nodules and their impact on the management. J Cancer Res Ther. 2012;8(3):379-83.

Arena S, Benvenga S. Gender-specific correlation of intranodular chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with thyroid nodule size, echogenicity, and histologically-verified cytological class of malignancy risk. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2018;14:39-45.

Maia FF, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Thyroid nodule management: clinical, ultrasound and cytopathological parameters for predicting malignancy. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67(8):945-54.

Delbridge L. Solitary thyroid nodule: current management. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(5):381-6.

Das AB, Alam MN, Haq SA, Ansari MA, Rahman AN, Hasan M, et al. Solitary thyroid nodule: a study of 100 cases. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 1996;22(1):12-8.

Norris JJ, Farci F. Follicular Adenoma. USA: StatPearls Publishing; 2021.

Gagner M, Inabnet WB. Endoscopic thyroidectomy for solitary thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2001;11(2):161-3.

Singer PA. Evaluation and management of the solitary thyroid nodule. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1996;29(4):577-91.

Adwok JA. Evaluation and surgical treatment of solitary thyroid nodules. East Afr Med J. 1995;72(3):191-3.

Downloads

Published

2021-07-28

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles