Email this article Erectile dysfunction in patients of diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study
Abstract
Background: One of the independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction is diabetes mellitus. The present study planned to determine the prevalence and factors associated with ED in DM.
Methods: A one year cross-sectional study on a total of 208 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. National Institutes of Health (NIH) approved questionnaire for International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to interview each patient to assess for ED.
Results: In this study 12.98% of patients had ED score between 13 to 18 suggestive of mild to moderate ED and 9.62% with 19 to 24 scores suggestive of mild degree. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 32.21%. The mean age in patients with erectile dysfunction was significantly high (58.40±10.96 years) compared to those without erectile dysfunction (51.00±11.16 years) (p<0.001) Of the 119 patients with duration of diabetes between one to five years 42.02% had ED and of the 3 patients with duration of more than five years 66.67% had ED (p<0.001). Prevalence of ED was higher in patients with HbA1c levels between 7.0 to 8.5 (32.76%) and >8.5 (37.07%). Prevalence of erectile dysfunction was higher in patients with history of smoking (63.64%) (p<0.001) and alcohol intake (51.85%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was also significantly high in patients with history of hypertension (59.7%) (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The ED in patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly prevalent with age, duration of diabetes, history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, glycemic control and hypertriglyceridemia.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Rhoden EL, Telöken C, Sogari PR, Vargas Souto CA. The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14(4):245-50.
Marwat MA, Ali L, Usman M. Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Males. Available at: http://apims.net/ Volumes/Vol5-2/Mumtaz%20Ali%20SheikhVol5-2.htm. Accessed on 22 April 2013.
Ayta IA, McKinlay JB, Krane RJ. The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences. BJU Int. 1999;84(1):50-6.
Fauci AS, Kasper DS, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. United States; McGraw Hill: 2008.
American Diabetes Association. Clinical practice recommendations 2007. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:4.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011.
Neve B, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Ashkenazi-Katalan V, Dina C, Hamid YH, Joly E, et al. Role of transcription factor KLF11 and its diabetes-associated gene variants in pancreatic beta cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(13):4807-12.
Ghaffar A, Reddy KS, Singhi M. Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia. BMJ 2004;328(7443):807-10.
Tripathy BB, Chandalia HB. RSSDI: Textbook of diabetes mellitus. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2008.
Zonszein J. Diagnosis and management of endocrine disorders of erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 1995;22:789-802.
Hakim LS, Goldstein I. Diabetic sexual dysfunction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1996;25:379-400.
Bortolotti A, Parazzini F, Colli E, Landolini M. The epidemiology of erectile dysfunction and its risk factors. Int J Androl. 1997;20:323-34.
Melman A, Gingell JC. The epidemiology and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Uro. 1999;161:5-11.
Maggi M, Filippi S, Ledda F, Mangini A, Forti G. Erectile dysfunction from biochemical pharmacology to advances in medical therapy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000;143:143-54.
Sullivan ME, Keoghane SR, Miller MAW. Vascular risk factors and erectile dysfunction. BJU Int. 2001;87:838-45.
Chitaley K, Kupelian V, Subak L, Wessells H. Diabetes, obesity and erectile dysfunction: field overview and research priorities. J Urol. 2009;182(6 Suppl):S45-50
Fedele D, Coscelli C, Santeusanio F. Erectile dysfunction in diabetic subjects in Italy. Gruppo Italiano Studio Deficit Erettile nei Diabetici. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1973.
Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. Ten-year incidence of self-reported erectile dysfunction in people with long-term type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Compl. 2005;19:35.
Saigal CS, Wessells H, Pace J. Predictors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in a racially diverse population. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:207.
Bacon CG, Hu FB, Giovannucci E. Association of type and duration of diabetes with erectile dysfunction in a large cohort of men. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1458.
Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Feldman HA. Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 2000;163:460.
Chitaley K, Kupelian V, Subak L, Wessells H. Diabetes, obesity and erectile dysfunction: field overview and research priorities. J Urol 2009;182(6 Suppl):S45-50
El-Sakka AI, Sayed HM, Tayeb KA. Type 2 diabetes-associated androgen alteration in patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Androl. 2008;31:602.
Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L. NCEP-ATPIII-defined metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prevalence of hypogonadism in male patients with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2007;4:1038.
Kapoor D, Clarke S, Channer KS. Erectile dysfunction is associated with low bioactive testosterone levels and visceral adiposity in men with type 2 diabetes. Int J Androl. 2007;30:500.
Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L. Association of hypogonadism and type II diabetes in men attending an outpatient erectile dysfunction clinic. Int J Impot Res. 2006;18:190.
Glina S, Sharlip ID, Hellstrom WJ. Modifying risk factors to prevent and treat erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013;10(1):115-9.
Kim ED. Erectile dysfunction. Available at: http://misc.medscape.com/pi/iphone/medscapeapp/html/A444220-business.html Accessed on 15 August 2013.
Wessells H, Penson DF, Cleary P. Prevalence and predictors of sexual dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes enrolled in DCCT/EDIC; Presented at annual meeting of American Diabetes Association; San Diego, California, 2005.
William KBA, Owiredu, Nafiu A, Huseini A, Charity S, Christian KG. Determinants of sexual dysfunction among clinically diagnosed diabetic patients: Reproductive Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:70.
Ali L, Nasir O, Rehman A, Malik A. Off label use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Premature Ejaculation. are they Effective? Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2008;4(3):144-7.
Benet AE, Melman A. The epidemiology of erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 1995;22:699-709.
Meena BL, Kochar DK, Agarwal TD, Choudhary R, Kochar A. Association between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in individuals with type-2 diabetes without overt cardiovascular disease. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009;29(4):150-4.
Ayta IA, McKinlay JM, Krane RJ. The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences. Br J Urol Int. 1999;84(1):50-6.
Kloner RA. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with erectile dysfunction: Focus on the diabetic patients. Endrocrine. 2004;23:125–9.
Mohan V, Pradeepa R. Epidemiology of diabetes in different regions of India. Health Administrator. 2009;22(1&2):1-18.
Giuliano FA, Leriche A, Jaudinot EO, deGendre AS. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction among 7689 patients with diabetes or hypertension, or both. Urology. 2004;64:1196-201.
Giugliano F, Maiorino M, Bellastella G, Gicchino M, Giugliano D, Esposito K. Determinants of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Int J Impot Res. 2010;22(3):204-9.
Wing RR, Rosen RC, Fava JL, Bahnson J, Brancati F, Gendrano IN, et al. Effects of weight loss intervention on erectile function in older men with type 2 diabetes in the look AHEAD trial. J Sex Med. 2009;6:1414–22.
Lu CC, Jiann BP, Sun CC, Lam HC, Chu CH, Lee JK. Association of glycemic control with risk of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes. J Sex Med. 2009;6:1719–28.
