A rare presentation: duplication of testis

Authors

  • Girish Jatkar Department of Surgery, Shri V.N.G.M.C., Yavatmal, Maharashtra
  • Amol Deshpande Department of Surgery, Shri V.N.G.M.C., Yavatmal, Maharashtra
  • Swapnil Madankar Department of Surgery, Shri V.N.G.M.C., Yavatmal, Maharashtra
  • Amit Pothare Department of Surgery, Shri V.N.G.M.C., Yavatmal, Maharashtra

Keywords:

Polyorchidism, Triorchidism, Supernumerary testis

Abstract

Objective of current study was to describe the clinical and embryological futures of polyorchidism and review of literature of similar cases. Polyorchidism is usually an incidental finding and an extremely rare congenital anomaly with less than 200 cases reported so far. Several theories regarding it but the exact explanations are still unknown. In majority of cases, patients are asymptomatic and have a painless inguinal or scrotal mass. While others may present with maldescended or cryptorchidism or incidentally discovered in association with indirect inguinal hernia, hydrocele, varicocele, epididymitis, infertility, testicular torsion, and extremely rare with testicular malignancy. Among polyorchidism, majority of cases are of triorchidism usually of left side. In present case report, triorchidism in its rarest form is diagnosed incidentally intraoperatively in an adolescent presented with left groin swelling and ipsilateral undescended testicle. The supernumerary testicle was intraoperatively found in peritoneal cavity and completely developed with separate cord structure and epididymis.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Bergholz R, Wenke K. Polyorchidism: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2009;182:242-7.

Ahlfeld F. Die Missbildungen des Menschen. In: Ahlfeld F, eds. A Book. Leipzig, Germany: Grunow; 1880: 126.

Lane A. A case of Supernumerary testis. Trans Clin Soc Land. 1895;28:59-60.

Leung AK. Polyorchidism. Am fam Physician. 1988;38(3):153-6.

Singer BR. Functional classification and management strategy. Urology. 1992;39:384-8.

Wolf B, Youngson GG. Polyorchidism. Pediatr Surg Int. 1988;13:65-6.

Mc Vary KT, Maizels M. Duplex testis: a case report and review of literature. J Urol. 1988;139:500A.

Thum G. Polyorchidism: case report and review of literature. J Urol. 1991;145:370-2.

Baker LL, Hajek PC, Burkhard TK, Mattrey RF. Polyorchidism: Evatuation by MR. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148:305-6.

Ghiacy S. Case report: ultrasound diagnosis of polyorchidism. Br J Radiol. 1996;69:78-80.

Hakimi M, Mosave SH. Triorchidism with normal spermatogenesis: an unusual case for failure of vasectomy. Br J Surg. 1975;62:633-6.

Al Hibbal Z, Izzidien AY. Polyorchidism: case report and review of literature. J Pediatr Surg. 1984;19:212-8.

Sozer IT, Kamberoglu H, Yucebas E. Polyorchidism: bilateral double testis and unilateral testicular torsion. Br J Urol. 1989;64:546-7.

Garcia Merida M, Miguelez C, Galiano E, Lopez Perez GA. Polyorchidism: an exceptional case of three homolateral testis. Eur Urol. 1992;21:338-9.

Burgers JK, Gearhart JP. Abdominal polyorchidism: an unusual variant. J Urol. 1988;140:582-3.

Besner GE, Qualman SJ, Gosche JR. Identification of a duplicated testis: an unexpected benefit of laparoscopic localization. J Laprosc Endosc Surg. 1996;6(Suppl 1):S107-17.

Kulkarni JN, Bhansali MS, Tangaonkar HB, Kamat MR, Borges AM. Carcinoma in the third testis in a case of polyorchidism and persistent Mullerian syndrome. Eur Urol. 1992;22:174-6.

Gandia VM, Arrizabalaga M, Leiva O, Diaz Gonzalez R. Polyorchidism discovered as testicular torsion associated with an undescended atrophic contralateral testis: a surgical solution. J Urol. 1987;137:743-4.

Nancy JN, Hay DU. Polyorchidism. Br J Urol. 1987;59:280-1.

Shah SN, Miller BM, Geisler E. Polyorchidism discovered as testicular torsion. Urology. 1992;39:543-4.

Goldstein HH, Casilli AR. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cremastric muscle and concomitant polyorchidism. J Urol. 1939;41:583-6.

Grechi G, Zampai GC, Selli C, Carini SM, Ucci M. Polyorchidism and seminoma in a child. J Urol. 1980;123:291-2.

Nocks BN. Polyorchidism with normal spermatogenesis and equal sized testis: a theory of embryological development. J Urol. 1978;120:638-40.

Ozok G, Taneli C, Yazichi M, Herek O, Gokdemir A. Polyorchidism: a case report and review of literature. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1992;2:306-7.

Akbar S, Sayyed T, Jafri S, Hasteh F, Simenon J. Multimodality imaging of paratesticular neoplasms and their rare mimics. Radiographics. 2003;23:1461-76.

McLean GK, Alavi A, Ziegler MM. Pollack HM, Duckett JW. Splenic-gonadal fusion: identification by radionuclide scanning. J Pediatr Surg. 1981;16(4 Suppl 1):649-51.

Kundu AK, Deb D, Pradhan P, Ghosh G, Chakrabarty S. Triorchidism: an incidental finding and review of literature. J Anat Soc India. 2001;50(1):37-9.

Berger AP, Steiner H, Hoeltl L, Bartsch G, Hobisch A. Occurrence of polyorchidism in a young man. Urology. 2002;60:911.

Cirillo R, Coley B, Binkovitz L, Jayanathi R. Sonographic finding in splenogonadal fusion. Pediatr Radiol. 1999;29:73-5.

Leenen AS, Riebel TN. Testicular microlithiasis: sonographic features and clinical implications. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32:575-9.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-10

How to Cite

Jatkar, G., Deshpande, A., Madankar, S., & Pothare, A. (2016). A rare presentation: duplication of testis. International Surgery Journal, 1(2), 108–111. Retrieved from https://www.ijsurgery.com/index.php/isj/article/view/449

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2014): July-September 2014

Section

Case Reports