Clinical study and management of vesical calculus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180964Keywords:
Pain abdomen, Ultrasonography, Urolithiasis, Vesical CalculusAbstract
Background: Vesical calculus accounts for 5% urolithiasis and is the most common urolithiasis in pediatric age. Although incidence has drastically reduced of late, vesical calculi continue to occupy an important place in everyday urological practice. Hence a study was performed to evaluate the clinical presentation and management of vesical calculus.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery in a tertiary center between December 2012 to May 2014.
Results: A total of 42 patients with vesical calculi were studied. Males were more affected than females (6:1). Pain abdomen was the most common presentation (71%). Fifty-two percentage patients were using bore well water to drink. Ultrasonography was the most sensitive investigation. All the cases were treated by surgical modality. Fifty percentage cases were treated with transurethral cystolithotripsy using 80-watt holmium laser. Twenty-one percentage cases underwent Percutaneous cystolithotripsy and the remaining 12 (29%) underwent the open suprapubic cystolithotomy. No complication was noted following percutaneous cystolithotripsy. Most of the vesical calculi were of mixed variety with predominant composition being calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, and uric acid.
Conclusions: Vesical calculus most commonly affects children less than ten years. Most of them present with pain abdomen. Low socio-economic status is more affected. Drinking hard water carries a high risk of vesical calculus. Ultrasonography is the investigation of choice in vesical calculus as it is 100% sensitive.
References
Papatsoris AG, Varkarakis I, Dellis A, Deliveliotis C. Bladder lithiasis: from open surgery to lithotripsy. Urol Res. 2006;34(3):163-7.
Hamdy F. The Urinary bladder. In: Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O’connell PR, eds. Bailey and Love’s short Practice of surgery. 26th Ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2013:1309-1339.
Stamatiou K, Karanasiou VI, Lacroix R, Kavouras NG, Papadimitriou VT, Chlopsios C, et al. Prevalence of urolithiasis in rural Thebes, Greece. Rural and Remote Health. 2006;6(4):610.
Manyak MJ, Warner JW. Lasers in urologic surgery. In: Graham Jr SD, Keane TE, Glenn JF, eds. Glenn’s urologic surgery. 6th Ed. USA. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004:1067-1073.
Gururaj MS, Rashmi MR. BG Prasad’s socio-economic status scale revision for 2014. Socioeconomica. The Scientific Journal for Theory and Practice of Socio-economic Development. 2014;3(6):351-4.
Manjunath DA, Gurugunti UD, Radhakrishna V. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal repair versus open Lichtenstein repair: a randomized control trial. Int Surg J. 2018;5(1):77-81.
Mehdiratta KS. Study on vesical calculus disease in India. In: van Reen R. Proceeding WHO. Regional symposium on vesical calculus disease. Bangkok. 1972;79-83.
Kabra SG, Gaur SB, Sharma SS, Patni MK, Benerji P. Urolithiasis incidence of urinary calculi in South- Eastern Rajasthan- Report of 1144 cases. Indian J Surg. 1972;34:309.
Anderson DA, Sriramachari S, Khandagale MK. Investigations into relationship between bladder stones and Malnutrition. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 1963;17:632.
Shah RC and Jalundthwala JM. Urinary calculi in North Gujarath. Journal of Indian Medical Association. 1959;(32):440.
Das P. A study of chemical composition of urinary calculi. Indian J Surg. 1971;91-9.
Abarchi H, Hachem A, Erraji M, Belkacem R, Outarahout N, Barahioui M. Pediatric vesical lithiasis. 70 case reports. Ann Urol. 2003;37(3):117-9.
Gershaff SM, Prien EL, Chandrapanond A. Urinary stone in Thailand. J Urol. 1963;90:285.
