Correlation of Glasgow outcome score to Glasgow coma score assessed at admission
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20163172Keywords:
Traumatic brain injury, Head injury, Glasgow coma score, Glasgow outcome scoreAbstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality in trauma cases. GCS is the standard scoring system used globally to assess the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury. The GOS is used to objectively assess and categorize patients recovering from head injury. In this study we assessed the GOS of patients recovering from traumatic brain injury and analysed its correlation with the initial GCS thereby evaluating the use of GCS in predicting recovery of patients with head injury.
Methods: 82 patients with isolated traumatic brain injury were included in the study. GCS was recorded at admission, 6 hours and 12 hours. GOS was recorded at 7 days and 28 days. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Correlation co-efficient.
Results: There was statistically significant positive correlation between GCS recorded on admission with GOS recorded on day 7 and GOS recorded on day 28. Positive Correlation was also seen between GCS recorded at 6 hours with GOS recorded on day 7 and GOS recorded on day 28. Similar positive correlation was also seen between GCS recorded at 12 hours with GOS recorded on day 7 and GOS recorded on day 28.
Conclusions: GCS can be used as a tool to stratify risk, prognosis and neurological recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury. It has to be used with caution in patients with polytrauma as other serious injuries may increase the risk, morbidity and mortality.
Metrics
References
Bullock MR, Chestnut RM, Clifton LG, Marion DW, Narayan RK, Pittis LH. Management and prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:451-553.
Matis GK, Birbilis TA. Poor relation between Glasgow coma scale and survival after head injury. Med SciMonit. 2009;15(2):CR62-65.
Middleton PM. Practical use of the Glasgow Coma Scale; a comprehensive narrative review of GCS methodology. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2012;15:170-83.
Balestreri M, Czosnyka M, Chatfield DA, Steiner LA, Schmidt EA, Smielewski P, et al. Predictive value of Glasgow coma scale after brain trauma: change in trend over the past ten years. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:161-2.
Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975;1:480-4.
Hukkelhoven CW, Steyerberg EW, Habbema JD, Farace E, Marmarou A, Murray GD, et al. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and validation of a prognostic score based on admission characteristics. J Neurotrauma. 2005;22(10):1025-39.
Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Black KL, Millis SR. Relationship between Glasgow coma scale and functional outcome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75(5):364-9.
Bruns J, Hauser AW. The Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review. Epilepsia. 2003;44(10):2-10.
Matis G, Birbilis T. The Glasgow Coma Scale - a brief review Past, present, future. Acta Neurol Belg. 2008;108(3):75-89.
Leitgeb J, Mauritz W, Brazinova A, Majdan M, Janciak I, Wilbacher I, et al. Glasgow Coma Scale score at intensive care unit discharge predicts the 1-year outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2013;39(3):285-92.
Demetriades D, Kuncir E, Velmahos GC, Rhee P, Alo K, Chan LS. Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Head Injuries with an Admission Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 3.Arch Surg. 2004;139(10):1066-8.
Bastos PG, Sun X, Wagner DP, Wu AW, Knaus WA. Glasgow Coma Scale score in the evaluation of outcome in the intensive care unit: Findings from the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III study. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:1459-65.
Pal J, Brown R, Fleiszer D. The Value of the Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score: Predicting Outcome in Multiple Trauma Patients with Head Injury. J Trauma. 1989;29(6):746-8.
Udekwu P, Kromhout-Schiro S, Vaslef S, Baker C, Oller D. Glasgow Coma Scale score, mortality, and functional outcome in head-injured patients. J Trauma. 2004;56(5):1084-9.
Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Black KL, Millis SR. Relationship between Glasgow coma scale and functional outcome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75(5):364-9.
Pettigrew LE, Wilson JT, Teasdale GM. J Neurosurg. Assessing disability after head injury: improved use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. 1998;89(6):939-43.
