Primary peritoneal cystic echinococcosis: a rare surgical entity

Abstract

Hydatidosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease that represents a major public health concern in endemic regions such as Morocco. Secondary peritoneal hydatidosis results from intraperitoneal dissemination of Echinococcus granulosus larvae. This rare condition is polymorphic in presentation, and its diagnosis relies on a combination of epidemiological, clinical, biological, and radiological findings. We report a rare case of peritoneal hydatidosis in a patient referred for management of recurrent hepatic hydatid cysts. Physical examination was unremarkable, while serological testing for hydatidosis was strongly positive. Abdominal computed tomography was essential in demonstrating hepatic recurrence associated with multiple peritoneal cystic lesions. The patient underwent surgical management consisting of cyst excision and drainage. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and adjuvant albendazole therapy was initiated. Peritoneal hydatidosis remains a rare and diagnostically challenging entity. This case highlights the pivotal role of imaging in establishing the diagnosis and supports combined surgical and antiparasitic management as the cornerstone of treatment.