Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: a case report

Abstract

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is unique because it mimics serious illnesses yet has a benign course, requiring awareness to avoid misdiagnosis. Its novelty lies in its mysterious origin, possible autoimmune associations, and evolving clinical profile in the era of new infections and immunologic events. Given the potential for recurrence and its association with autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, further research is needed to clarify its pathogenesis and guide standardized treatment protocols. A 19-year-old Marathi (Indo-Aryan) female presented with multiple, painless, gradually enlarging neck swellings and occasional low-grade fever without systemic symptoms. Similar complaints occurred in childhood. On examination, firm, mobile, non-tender lymph nodes were found in the posterior neck triangle, with no skin changes or lymphadenopathy elsewhere. FNAC suggested reactive lymphadenitis, and antibiotics were ineffective. An excision biopsy was performed, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. The patient was treated with symptomatic treatment with good results. The aim of the case report is to increase awareness of this disease so that it can be recognized early and prevent misdiagnosis and subsequent over treatment. The best way to diagnose this non-specific lymphadenopathy is to do a biopsy of the lymph node. Once diagnosed, it can be managed conservatively as it is mostly self-limiting.