Successful surgical treatment of a giant hydatid cyst and its clinical outcome: a case report

Abstract

The parasitic illness known as a hydatid cyst is most frequently found in the liver. The main one in humans being Echinococcus granulosus. Transmission is via the fecal-oral route, with main hepatopulmonary involvement but with a high risk of dissemination. Diagnosis is often incidental, and patients present a wide range of nonspecific symptoms closely related to the localization, size, and quantity of cysts. The latent risk of the infection is septic shock, secondary to intraperitoneal rupture, which increases the risk of mortality. The criterion standard of management involves anti-helminthic therapy and radical surgical management. In our case a 23-year-old female presented to the OPD with abdominal pain on and off for two years and fever for 20 days. On presentation, the patient was hemodynamically stable, febrile with abnormal blood pressure, pallor, and icterus were seen. On examination, the abdomen was soft, with swelling of size 10×5 cm in the right hypochondrium (RHC), tenderness present in RHC, and ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed large parenchymal exophytic hydatid cysts with multiple daughter cysts seen involving the left lobe of the liver with the possibility of focal rupture in the cyst capsule. Based on the above findings, the patient underwent deroofing of the cyst with evacuation of the daughter cyst, followed by the obliteration of the dead space of the cavity with omentoplasty.