Evaluation of degree of correction by anterograde calcaneo-stop method in the management of juvenile flexible flatfoot:  a retrospective study

Koshman A. Gennadiy; Naveen D. K. N. Direcksze; Kirisayon Yogarajah; Narendiran  Yohanathan; M. N. M. Afham; A. N. Nafas Ahmath; U. M. Makarim Mohamed; Heshan T. Wijesooriya

doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20251529

Authors

Koshman A. Gennadiy Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Naveen D. K. N. Direcksze Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Kirisayon Yogarajah Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Narendiran Yohanathan Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
M. N. M. Afham Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
A. N. Nafas Ahmath Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
U. M. Makarim Mohamed Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Heshan T. Wijesooriya Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20251529

Keywords:

Flexible flatfoot, Talus, Pediatric orthopedics, Anterograde calcaneo-stop method, Degree of correction

Abstract

Background: Flexible flatfoot is a frequent foot deformity among pediatric population. The anterograde calcaneo-stop method (ACSM) has been published to be beneficial in short-term studies. The purpose of this study to assess the degree of correction following the ACSM in the management of juvenile flexible flatfoot.

Methods: The retrospective study consists of 400 surgical procedures performed from the period of January 2013 to December 2023 in 100 patients (200 ACSM and 200 removal of calcaneo-stop implant surgeries), which were evaluated clinically, and instrumental diagnostic techniques such as photoplantography and pedobarography were implemented. The inclusion criteria of this study comprises of patients with ages from 6 to 16 years,with symptomatic flexible flatfoot deformity along with absence of responsive to bilateral conservative treatment and the exclusion criteria includes the following; patients with ages below 6 years and above 16 years, the time ceased of 3 years after screw implantation, patients with other musculoskeletal deformities.

Results: The 200 surgical interventions performed on bilateral flexible flatfoot were evaluated in 100 patients after their removal of the screws following the ACSM, showed no signs of loss of degree of correction; which were further evaluated by degree of connective tissue dysplasia according to Wynne-Davies, radiologically by photoplantography and pedobarography.

Conclusions: The ACSM is a simple surgical treatment, which is minimally invasive in nature used for symptomatic juvenile flexible flatfoot. The collected data stipulated a sufficient degree of correction by ACSM in the management of flexible flatfoot in the pediatric population.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Jordan KP, Kadam UT, Hayward R, Porcheret M, Young C, Croft P. Annual consultation prevalence of regional musculoskeletal problems in primary care: an observational study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2010;11:144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-144

Harris EJ. The natural history and pathophysiology of flexible flatfoot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2010;27(1):1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2009.09.002

Ozlem El, Omer A, Can K, Burcu K, Yasemin A, Ertan S, et al. Flexible flatfoot and related factors in primary school children: a report of a screening study. Rheumatol. Int. 2006;26(11):1050-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-006-0128-1

Lee MS, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, Catanzariti AR, Kogler G, Kravitz SR, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adult flatfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;44(2):78-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2004.12.001

Pinney SJ, Lin SS. Current concept review: acquired adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27(1):66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070602700113

Chou MC, Jing-Yang H, Yao-Min H, Wuu-Tsun P, Renin C, Cheng-Cung WJ. Flat foot and spinal degeneration: evidence from nationwide population-based cohort study. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021;120(10):1897-906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2020.12.019

MacKenzie AJ, Rome K, Evans AM. The efficacy of nonsurgical interventions for paediatric flexible flat foot: a critical review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(8):830-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e3182648c95

Wenger DR, Mauldin D, Speck G, Morgan D, Lieber RL. Corrective shoes and inserts as treatment for flexible flatfoot in infants and children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71(6):800-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198971060-00002

Whitford D, Esterman A. A randomized controlled trial of two types of in-shoe orthoses in children with flexible excess pronation of the feet. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(6):715-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2007.0715

Staheli LT. Planovalgus foot deformity. Current status. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1999;89(2):94-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7547/87507315-89-2-94

Blitz NM, Stabile RJ, Giorgini RJ, DiDomenico LA. Flexible pediatric and adolescent pes planovalgus: conservative and surgical treatment options. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2010;27(1):59-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2009.09.001

Hazany S, Ly N, Hazany D, Bader S, Ostuka N. Outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis for the planovalgus foot. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2012;21(3):147-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3113/JSOA.2012.0147

Kellermann P, Roth S, Gion K, Boda K, Tóth K. Calcaneo-stop procedure for paediatric flexible flatfoot. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131(10):1363-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-011-1316-3

Dibello D, Dallan G, Di Carlo V, Pederiva F. Quality of life in flexible painful flatfoot treated by anterograde calcaneo-stop procedure: The patient’s and family’s perspective. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(2):1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263763

Pavone V, Vescio A, Di Silvestri CA, Andreacchio A, Sessa G, Testa G. Outcomes of the calcaneo-stop procedure for the treatment of juvenile flatfoot in young athletes. J Child Orthop. 2018;12:582-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.12.180032

Terebessy T. A calcaneus stop típusú arthrorisis eredményességének értékelése a gyermekkori Xexibilis lúdtalp kezelésében. Magyar Trauma Ortop. 2009;52:245-51.