Poorly differentiated carcinoma thyroid: an oddball of thyroid malignancy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20243259Keywords:
Poorly differentiated carcinoma, Total thyroidectomy, I131 scan, Turins criteriaAbstract
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is an aggressive form of follicular cell derived thyroid carcinoma with a poor prognosis with an incidence of 0.3% to 6.7%. It ranks between DTC and ATC regarding the degree of differentiation. PDTC was recognized as a distinct pathologic entity in the classification of thyroid tumour by World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumours. This case report was done in Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital in a 56-year-old male patient who presented with two swellings in the neck one in the midline in the region of thyroid and the other on right lateral side of neck for 5 months. The patient was diagnosed to have poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma postoperatively and the following course of events are discussed here.
References
Fagin JA, Wells SA. Biologic and clinical perspectives on thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;37(5):1054-67.
Durante C, Haddy N, Baudin E, Leboulleux S, Hartl D, Travagli JP, et al. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8):2892-9.
Molinaro E, Romei C, Biagini A, Sabini E, Agate L, Mazzeo S, et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(11):644-60.
Veiga LH, Neta G, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ron E, Devesa SS. Thyroid cancer incidence patterns in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the U.S. SEER program, 1997-2008. Thyroid. 2013;23(6):748-57.
Sakamoto A, Kasai N, Sugano H. Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic entity for a high-risk group of papillary and follicular carcinomas. Cancer. 1983;52(10):1849-55.
Carcangiu ML, Zampi G, Rosai J. Poorly differentiated ("insular") thyroid carcinoma. A reinterpretation of Langhans' "wuchernde Struma". Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8(9):655-68.
Volante M, Papotti M. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: 5 years after the 2004 WHO classification of endocrine tumours. Endocr Pathol. 2010;21(1):1-6.
Volante M, Collini P, Nikiforov YE, Sakamoto A, Kakudo K, Katoh R, et al. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the Turin proposal for the use of uniform diagnostic criteria and an algorithmic diagnostic approach. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(8):1256-64.
Sassolas G, Hafdi-Nejjari Z, Remontet L, Bossard N, Belot A, Berger-Dutrieux N, et al. Thyroid cancer: is the incidence rise abating? Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(1):71-9.
de la Fouchardière C, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Berthiller J, Descotes F, Lopez J, Lifante JC, et al. Predictive factors of outcome in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Eur J Cancer. 2018;92:40-7.
Asioli S, Erickson LA, Righi A, Jin L, Volante M, Jenkins S, et al. Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: validation of the Turin proposal and analysis of IMP3 expression. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(9):1269-78.
Saglietti C, Onenerk AM, Faquin WC, Sykiotis GP, Ziadi S, Bongiovanni M. FNA diagnosis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A review of the recent literature. Cytopathology. 2017;28(6):467-474.
Tanaka K, Sonoo H, Saito W, Ohta Y, Shimo T, Sohda M, et al. Analysis of clinical outcome of patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. ISRN Endocrinol. 2011;2011:308029.
Bongiovanni M, Sadow PM, Faquin WC. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a cytologic-histologic review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2009;16(5):283-9.
Nikiforov YE. Genetic alterations involved in the transition from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Endocr Pathol. 2004;15(4):319-27.
Shaha AR. Implications of prognostic factors and risk groups in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(3):393-402.
Volante M, Cavallo GP, Papotti M. Prognostic factors of clinical interest in poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid. Endocr Pathol. 2004;15(4):313-7.
Bongiovanni M, Bloom L, Krane JF, Baloch ZW, Powers CN, Hintermann S, et al. Cytomorphologic features of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis of 40 cases. Cancer. 2009;117(3):185-94.
Nylén C, Mechera R, Maréchal-Ross I, Tsang V, Chou A, Gill AJ, et al. Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(8):2164.
Ibrahimpasic T, Ghossein R, Carlson DL, Chernichenko N, Nixon I, Palmer FL, et al. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting with gross extrathyroidal extension: 1986-2009 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. Thyroid. 2013;23(8):997-1002.