A study of predictors of lower extermity amputations in diabetic foot ulcer

Baskaran G.; Vinodh Kannan T.; Subhashini M.; Joe Praveen Kumar  J.; Jyosthna B. V.; Dinesh M.

doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20242118

Authors

Baskaran G. Department of General Surgery, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Vinodh Kannan T. Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India
Subhashini M. Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Joe Praveen Kumar J. Department of General Surgery, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Jyosthna B. V. Department of General Surgery, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Dinesh M. Department of General Surgery, Government Villupuram Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20242118

Keywords:

Amputation, Diabetic foot ulcer, Diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are severe complications in diabetes, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. A simplified classification system including precise prediction indicators for lower extremity amputations (LEA) would aid decision-making.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted to Government Villupuram Medical College & Hospital over one year.

Results: Approximately 38% of the patients were above 60 years, 31% were aged 51-60 years, and 12% were under 40 years. The mean age was 56.67 with a standard deviation of 12.97. Around 78% of the patients were males. 32% had SHTN, 22% CAD, 11% CVA, and 22% CKD. The diabetes duration was ≤5 years for 45% and >5 years for 55%. 62% were on oral hypoglycaemics agents, and 38% on insulin. About 56% were on regular treatment. Surgical treatments included above-knee amputation (5%), below-knee amputation (20%), Chopart’s amputation (11%), wound debridement (41%), intertarsal amputation (1%), Lisfranc amputation (11%), and Ray’s amputation (9%). Ulcers were found on the foot (68%), leg (28%), and sole (4%). Ulcer grading showed 12% grade I, 40% grade II, and 48% grade III. Staphylococcus was the most common organism cultured (55%).

Conclusions: Diabetic foot ulcers are preventable yet lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Future studies should focus on early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.

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